If there is one muscle that people have issues with developing, it's definitely your calf muscles. These are notoriously hard to train and seem to be the muscle most heavily influenced by genetics. However, one of the reasons is because a lot of people just don't train them, at least specifically. If that's you, we're going to give you the 7 best dumbbell exercises to train your calf muscles so you can start. This article will be short and sweet and teach you:
- Anatomy And Function Of The Calves
- Benefits of Training Calves
- 7 Best Dumbbell Exercises For The Calves
- How To Train The Calves For Size And Strength
- Exercise Tips For Calf Training
Say bye to #Teamnocalves!
Anatomy And Function Of The Calf Muscles
The calves are a powerful set of three muscles that are situated on the posterior of the lower leg.
- Gastrocnemius
- Solus
- Tibialis
The gastrocnemius and soleus sit on the back of your leg and are generally regarded as your “calf”. On the other side of your leg, you have your tibialis which works with the other two calf muscles.
Together, their primary function is plantarflexion of the ankle (pointing the toes), making it a crucial muscle in walking, sprinting, jumping, and basically any other activity that requires movement.
Gastrocnemius:
The gastrocnemius is the larger muscle of the two and sits on the upper ⅔ of the lower leg (the tendon goes all the way to the heel). In fact, the gastrocnemius comprises two head
- Medial head
- Lateral head
When combined, these two heads take up the entire width of the lower leg and can actually be seen from the front of those who have developed calves.
These heads connect at different points on your femur, cross your knee, run down the back of your leg where it merges and joins the soleus in a common tendon (the Achilles tendon). The tendon is then inserted into the heel bone.
As the gastrocnemius actually crosses two joints (knee, ankle), it makes the calves a biarticular muscle.
Compared to the soleus, the gastrocnemius has more type II muscle fibers as it is responsible for fast, strong movements. This includes things like jumping and sprinting.
Soleus:
The soleus is also a large muscle that runs from below the knee to the heel. However, you can’t see it as it sits underneath the gastrocnemius. In fact, some researchers actually consider it to be the same muscle.
Regardless, it originates from the fibula and medial border of the tibia and runs down the leg until it inserts into the heel bone.
The soleus is the primary muscle used while walking as it is composed of a high percentage of Type I muscle fibers.
Tibialis
-
Posterior Muscle: The tibialis posterior muscle is primarily a stabilizer of the lower leg. It also assists in;
- Plantarflexion
- Inversion of the foot
- Provides support for the medial arch in the foot.
- In fact, if there is dysfunction in the tibialis posterior muscle, a person can end up with flat feet.
-
Anterior Muscle: The tibialis anterior muscle is located on the front side of the leg, lateral to the shin bone. Its main responsibility is ankle dorsiflexion, which is when you bend at the ankle raising your toes towards your shin.
Benefits Of Training The Calf Muscles
Here are the top reasons you want to include the below dumbbell calf movements in your exercise program.
1) Improve Aesthetics:
The calves are notorious for being made fun of out of all the body parts. As mentioned, there's a whole #Teamnocalves thing going around.
Now, a large part of this is due to ineffective training. However, there is a genetic component that can’t be ignored. There are plenty of guys with massive calves who don’t even go to the gym as opposed to gym rats whose calves just don’t grow. While you may not be able to grow the best calves in the gym, you can still get the best set of calves for you.
Seeing an excellent, developed set of calves can dramatically improve the way one views you. That being said, we have found that most people don't even need "amazing" calves to look much better. Start inserting some specific calves training and you’ll see some growth which will significantly impact your aesthetics.
2) Increase Performance:
The calves play an integral role in every single moment that includes mobility.¹ This includes;
- Walking
- Running
- Jumping (vertical and horizontal)
- Change of direction
The vast majority of athletic movements will see an improvement by strengthening the calves. Therefore, if you are an athlete of any sort, you'll definitely want to include some dumbbell calf exercises to improve your performance.
3) Reduce Injury:
Due to the fact the calves are involved in so many athletic movements, as well as providing support for the entire lower leg, various issues can arise.²
Either the calf itself can be injured or other parts of the leg due to a weak or fatigued calf muscle. Remember that whenever a muscle gives out, that stress must be compensated by other parts of the body. This can result in issues with the muscle, tendons, ligaments, and even joints.
Great bodyweight exercises & calf workouts:
- Jump rope
- Jumping jacks
- Stairs (can add dumbbell load)
- Uphill Sprints
7 Best Dumbbell Calf Exercises
Here we go with the 7 best calf exercises using dumbbells:
1. Farmer Walk (On Tip Toes):
Farmer walks are a popular movement in the world of Strongman and strength training. Its effectiveness in improving total body strength is only shadowed by how simple this movement is. Farmer walks are probably the simplest exercise there is and merely has you pick up two implements and walk. In this manner, it's awesome.
However, we can actually make a simple alteration to target the calves to a higher degree. This is simply done by standing up on your toes as you walk. What this does is puts the calves under constant tension in a stretched state and under load. Easy and effective. We like it.
Step-by-Step:
- Hold a pair of dumbbells in your hands.
- Allow them to just hang naturally.
- Come up on your toes.
- Begin walking but stay on your toes
- This movement is performed slow and natural i.e., you're not running.
- Another slight variation is to slightly let your heels come down but then spring up.
2. Donkey Calf Raises:
Donkey calf raises are a bit funky looking and are actually sometimes seen on those "Gym Idiot" videos because most people don't know what they are. However, we love this exercise enough to include it in a killer Dumbbell Leg Workout.
Donkey calf raises are performed by bending over the waist with your feet on an edge. You then allow your heels to drop below the ledge and then come upwards. Due to the legs being straight, these tend to hit the gastrocnemius to a greater degree.
This exercise is usually performed with a machine or with someone sitting on the other person's back. However, this can be embarrassing for some people. Therefore, you can have someone hold a heavy dumbbell on your very lower back instead.
We love this move so much we've also included it in our best calves exercises - whether you use the machine, a person, or a dumbbell, this exercise will get you serious calf gains.
Step-by-Step:
- You will need a plate to elevate your feet and a higher box or structure to support your upper body. You will also need a weight belt with a dumbbell attached OR your friend will hold a dumbbell in position on your lower back when you get into the starting position.
- Place the plate behind the support object so that you can bend over.
- Put your feet on the plate so that they can flex and bend knees slightly. This is your starting position.
- Let your heels drop, and then raise your body by driving up on your toes.
3. Seated Dumbbell Calf Raise:
Seated calf raises are a great exercise to train the soleus muscle. As your knees are bent, the soleus will act as the primary movers. While most people think of using a machine for a seated calf raise, you can easily perform them with dumbbells if a machine is not available. You're just going to need a bench, dumbbell (maybe 2), and preferably a thick plate.
Step-by-Step:
- Sit on the bench with your legs off to the side.
- Place the plate in front of your legs and put your foot halfway on. You want to be able to drop your heels and pull them up.
- Place a dumbbell on your knees. You'll probably need to support them with your hand.
- Let your heels come down to the ground, then drive your knees up until you are on your tippy-toes.
- Hole the weight for a few seconds, then repeat.
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4. Standing Dumbbell Calf Raise:
Similar to the seated calf raise but from a standing position. However, as your legs are extended, this exercise will train the gastrocnemius to a higher degree. The standing calf raise exercise is basically performed by holding weights and coming up on your toes. However, you may need to hold onto a rail or something for support.
Step-by-Step
- Find an elevated surface that allows your heels to drop. The stairs work great. Keep your feet hip width apart.
- Hold onto one dumbbell and use your other hand to help balance (you are not pulling)
- Depending on how strong your calves are and what you have access to weight-wise, you can do a single leg calf raise, then switch legs (i.e. left leg first, then right leg)
- Let your heel (heels) drop, and then drive your entire body up until you are on the balls of your feet.
5. ¼ Squat Jumps:
Obviously, the calves are a vital muscle to getting as much vert as possible when jumping. Therefore, adding weight to your jump (plyometrics) is a great way to effectively increase the load.
However, most other articles will have you performing full squat jumps. This doesn't make sense, as we're not trying to train the quadriceps. Therefore, you'll want to perform just a ¼ squat before you jump, similar to a natural jump.
To be clear, there's nothing wrong with a dumbbell jump squat from a full squat position. It's a great dumbbell leg exercise to increase vertical power. However, when we're trying to isolate the calves, we need to focus on the calves.
Step-by-Step
- Hold two dumbbells and let them hang down by your side.
- Take a ¼ squat and then jump as high as you can.
- Each rep should be done with maximal power.
6. Walking Lunges:
Lunges work the entire lower body, including the calves. However, we like walking lunges as you get that little extra plantarflexion when you push off to bring the back leg forward. Plus, you get a really good stretch in the back foot as well. Other than that, walking lunges are incredibly easy to load with dumbbells.
Step-by-Step
- Hold two dumbbells in your hands and stand with your feet shoulder width apart.
- Take one large step forward with your left foot.
- Allow the body to drop straight down.
- If your feet are a proper distance apart, the front knees should be directly above the front foot, and the back knee should be directly under the back hip. Therefore, both knees should make 90-degree angles.
- Drive your body up and push off with your back leg (right foot) to bring it forward.
7. Dumbbell Tibialis Foot Raise:
This movement is actually going to train the shin bone, otherwise known as the anterior tibialis muscle.
Yes, we know this is a list of calf exercises, but it plays an integral role with the calf and is part of providing support to the lower leg. Further, this is an easy exercise to do and we're going to guess you've likely never done it so it will be a new stimulus.
But be warned, as most people haven't trained this muscle much, it can be easy to do too much and wake up with a very uncomfortable case of DOMS.
Step-by-Step
- Sit on a bench or box with your butt near the edge.
- Place the dumbbell in between your feet and raise it, so it just comes off the ground.
- Begin performing "curls" with your feet by extending and contracting them (pointing your toes and then pulling them towards your body.
Variables And Training Tips For The Calves:
When training the calves, remember to add a lot of variety as well as loads. This will hit both type I and type II fibers.
- Pay special attention to heavy loads as your body gets a ton of low intensity stimulus from walking.
- Still be sure to include some moderate and high volume.
Also, remember, there are two primary muscles and two heads within one of those. Therefore, variety is key for optimal growth of the calves. (You'll hear this a lot from us when talking about muscle hypertrophy).
We recommend using different exercises but using different foot positions as well. This is to hit the muscles from different angles for optimal growth.
- Straight forward
- Turned out
- Turned in
Lastly, use slow and controlled reps as well as pausing at the top. This means you want the muscle to have much longer time under tension, specifically with heavy loads.
In addition, don't bounce the weight but rather use controlled movements with a full range of motion. Don’t be the guy on the calf machine doing 30 reps in 30 seconds.
The first place to start is with what you’re not doing. If you’re like most people, this is likely heavy loads.
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Don't Forget Your Calf Training Now!
Now you know the 7 best dumbbell calf exercises. If you only have access to dumbbells, there is still no reason to not train your calves in your next workout routine. Remember, they're a muscle just like any other and need to be trained with the various stimuli talked about if you want them to grow optimally and remain strong.
If you do this, you'll definitely see them begin to develop and form. Ideally, you'll get that nice fat horseshoe on the back of your legs one day but in the worst case scenario, you’ll at least be able to wear short shorts to the gym!
More Dumbbell Exercise Content:
- Dumbbell Glute Exercises
- Dumbbell Quad Exercises
- Dumbbell Hamstring Exercises
- Dumbbell Chest Exercises
- Dumbbell Back Exercises
- Dumbbell Arm Exercises
- Dumbbell Rear Delt Exercises
- Dumbbell Biceps Exercises
- Dumbbell Triceps Exercises
- Dumbbell Ab Exercises
References
- Kadlubowski B, Keiner M, Wirth K, Csapo R. Association between Sprint and Jump Performance and Maximum Strength in Standing Calf Raise or Squat in Elite Youth Soccer Players. Sports. 2024; 12(4):87. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12040087
- Green B, Pizzari T. Calf muscle strain injuries in sport: a systematic review of risk factors for injury. Br J Sports Med. 2017 Aug;51(16):1189-1194. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097177. Epub 2017 Mar 4. PMID: 28259848. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28259848/
Garett Reid
Author