Written by Andrew Lenau | ISSA CPT & Sports Nutritionist
Fact checked by Robert Iafelice, MS, RD, LDN
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Ritual is a supplement provider that operates on a subscription basis, providing customers with a diverse range of multivitamins and protein powders crafted from simple, high-quality ingredients. Since its establishment in 2016, Ritual has risen in popularity as one of the leading nutritional supplement brands due to its commitment to transparency and traceability in its sourcing of ingredients.
It should be noted, however, that Ritual's products are priced higher than many other supplements in the market. As a result, you might question whether the products are genuinely worth the fuss. To determine if Ritual is a suitable choice, I've researched the brand's products, such as multivitamins, protein powders, and Synbiotic+.
Moreover, this piece will go into depth on the inner workings of Ritual, the range of products and services it provides, and how it stacks up against comparable offerings. By providing an in-depth review of Ritual's products and services, I aim to assist you in making an informed decision about whether this subscription-based supplement company is the ideal choice for your dietary needs.
What you can expect in this article:
- Who is Ritual?
- Pros and Cons of Ritual Vitamins
- 9 Ritual Vitamin Reviews
- Ritual Ingredients & Quality
- How Ritual Works
- Ritual Side Effects
- Real Customer Reviews of Ritual
- What to Consider Before Buying Ritual Vitamins
- 3 Ritual Alternatives
- Ritual FAQs
- Summary
Who is Ritual?
Ritual's range of supplements, which includes multivitamins and protein powders, are crafted from simple, high-quality ingredients to provide nutrients that may be missing from a person's diet. With a focus on science-backed research, Ritual has partnered with the world's leading experts to reimagine supplements that meet their Made Traceable® standards.
At Ritual, transparency is vital, and they pride themselves on openly sharing their decision-making process and its impact on both the consumer and the environment. Unlike many other companies that intentionally create confusion around their processes and formulations, Ritual's product is simple, clean, and nutrient-dense, with no unnecessary ingredients.
Their scientific advisory board, comprised of medical doctors, nutritionists, and scientists, guides the company's approach to the latest research and product innovation. Ritual is committed to providing high-quality supplements that empower people to achieve optimal health and wellness.
Pros and Cons of Ritual Vitamins
If you're considering taking supplements to boost your health and wellness, you may have encountered Ritual Vitamins. This popular subscription-based company offers multivitamins made from simple, high-quality ingredients. Before making a decision, weighing the pros and cons of using Ritual Vitamins is essential.
Pros
- The use of simple, high-quality ingredients that are traceable and transparent
- The supplements are designed to provide essential nutrients that may be missing from a person's diet
- Ritual has a scientific advisory board that guides the company's approach to research and innovation
- The subscription model allows for convenient and consistent access to supplements
- The company offers a satisfaction guarantee and an easy cancellation policy
Cons
- The supplements are more expensive compared to other multivitamins on the market
- The supplements are not personalized to individual needs and may not address specific health concerns
- The subscription model may result in unwanted product accumulation if the supplements are not used consistently
9 Ritual Vitamins Reviews:
Ritual offers a range of multivitamins tailored to different age groups and life stages. Here's a summary of the nine multivitamins Ritual offers:
1. Essential for Women Multivitamin 18+
Ritual's Essential for Women Multivitamin 18+ is a clinical-backed supplement formulated to support the nutritional needs of women aged 18-49. It helps fill nutrient gaps that may be missing from a person's diet, providing benefits for brain health, bone health, blood building, and antioxidant support.
Ritual's Essential for Women Multivitamin contains nine nutrients carefully chosen to support women's health. These nutrients include folate, Omega-3 DHA, Iron, and six other essential vitamins and minerals.
Ritual's website provides detailed information about each ingredient, explaining why it is included in the formula and how it benefits the body. Interestingly, Ritual also explains why certain commonly included ingredients, such as calcium and vitamin C, are not included in the Essential for Women formula.
This Multivitamin is vegan, gluten-free, and free from major allergens, with no artificial colorants. Additionally, it is made traceable® with a visible supply chain, ensuring high-quality ingredients. The delayed-release capsules are designed to be absorbed in the small intestine, making it easier to absorb nutrients efficiently.
Pros
- Made Traceable
- Gluten and major allergen free
- Vegan-friendly
- Time release formula
Cons
- Some may not like the minty aftertaste
Ritual's Essential for Women Multivitamin 18+ is specifically designed to support healthy nutrition for women. This product uses plant-based sources to bring Omega-3s...
2. Essential For Women Multivitamin 50+
Ritual's Essential for Women Multivitamin 50+ is specifically formulated to meet the unique needs of post-menopausal women. While it is not intended to treat menopausal symptoms, this innovative Multivitamin is designed to help support healthy aging from within.
Essential for Women 50+ contains eight traceable ingredients, including boron, vitamin D, and Magnesium, carefully chosen to promote normal immune function, bone support, and muscle function. Ritual's innovative design combines oily and dry ingredients in one capsule, so you can get all the nutrients you need in just two daily pills.
To ensure the safety of their supplements, Ritual uses a third-party lab to test for heavy metals, microbes, allergens, and other contaminants, ensuring that they meet or exceed the FDA's current Good Manufacturing Practices. With Essential for Women Multivitamin 50+, you can trust that you will get a high-quality supplement supporting your overall health and well-being.
Pros
- Non-GMO Project verified
- No artificial colorants
- Eight high-quality, traceable ingredients
- 3rd party tested
- Bottles made from 100% recycled content
Cons
- The product may not be suitable for women who are still menstruating
Essential For Women Multivitamin 50+ has been created with the post-menopausal woman in mind. As you age, your nutritional needs change, and Essential For Women 50+ supports...
3. Essential For Women Multivitamin Prenatal
Ritual's Essential for Women Prenatal Multivitamin is a next-generation prenatal supplement designed to provide 12 key nutrients before and during pregnancy. It is eligible for FSA/HSA reimbursement and has a refreshing citrus and mint essence.
Ritual's prenatal vitamin is formulated to help prepare the body for pregnancy by providing adequate levels of key nutrients that support neural tube development, brain health, blood-building, and bone support. Essential for Women Prenatal includes nutrients like Choline, Iodine, and Biotin and uses methylated folate as 5-MTHF to support folate adequacy.
As nutrient needs change when pregnancy becomes a possibility and, later, a reality, it is essential to support your health. When pregnant, the baby requires additional nutrients to support its development.
Essential for Women Prenatal can help support neural tube development and promote a healthy birth weight.
Pros
- Great subscription benefits
- No artificial BS
- Key nutrients for pre and during pregnancy
- 12 traceable ingredients
- Eligible for reimbursement
Cons
- It may cause some gastrointestinal discomfort
Essential For Women Multivitamin Prenatal helps provide important nutrients to mother and developing child. Designed to support neural tube development, adding Essential Prenatal...
4. Essential For Women Multivitamin Postnatal
Ritual's Essential for Women Postnatal Multivitamin is designed to meet women's new nutritional requirements during the postpartum period, which lasts up to 6 months after giving birth and throughout lactation. It contains 15 traceable ingredients, such as Vitamin A and Zinc, which help to support normal immune function, brain health, and lactation.
Essential for Women Postnatal is formulated with USP-grade Iodine and nature-identical Biotin and Choline to support women's increased nutrient requirements during lactation.
Pros
- Nutrients you need in two daily pills
- Capsule is designed for maximum absorption
- Only the nutrients you need, nothing extra
- Vegan-friendly
Cons
- Only recommended to take six months
Essential For Women Multivitamin Postnatal was formulated to provide nutritional support to postpartum mothers, while also supporting lactation. The time after pregnancy is often...
5. Essential For Men Multivitamin 18+
Essential for Men Multivitamin 18+ is a scientifically-developed multivitamin designed to help fill nutrient gaps in the diets of men aged 18-49. This Multivitamin contains micronutrients that support foundational health, including heart health, brain health, normal muscle function, and immune function.
It includes ten traceable ingredients that are gentle on an empty stomach. The delayed-release formulation is designed to dissolve later in the absorptive areas of the gut, and the innovative beadlet-in-oil encapsulation delivers key nutrients in just two daily pills.
This Multivitamin contains science-backed nutrients and clean alternatives to traditional preservatives without shady additives.
Pros
- Third-party tested
- Great value
- Transparent label
- Vegan-friendly
- Non-GMO
Cons
- It may take 3-4 months for your body to reach equilibrium
Essential For Men Multivitamin 18+ has been scientifically-developed to help support nutrient gaps that may occur in a man's diet. Designed to support healthy muscle function...
6. Essential For Men Multivitamin 50+
Ritual Essential for Men Multivitamin 50+ is a scientifically-developed multivitamin designed to support men over 50 with key functions such as heart health, bone health, muscle, and immune function. This Multivitamin includes ten traceable ingredients, such as Omega-3 DHA, vitamin E, and Zinc, to help fill nutrient gaps in men's diets.
Essential for Men Multivitamin 50+ contains only clean ingredients, and each batch of vitamins undergoes rigorous testing for identity, purity, strength, and composition. Additionally, a third-party lab tests each batch for heavy metals, microbes, and other contaminants, ensuring safety and efficacy.
With just two daily pills, Essential for Men Multivitamin 50+ provides essential nutrients to support men's health and well-being.
Pros
- Mint essenced
- Free of gluten and other common allergens
- Tested for purity
- Includes vitamins and minerals tailored to men 50+
Cons
- Some may prefer a more comprehensive supplement containing calcium, vitamin C, and selenium
Essential For Men Multivitamin 50+ has been designed to help fill nutrient gaps for older men. The specialized formula helps support healthy aging as well as boosting immune...
7. Essential For Teens Multivitamin For Her
Essential for Teens Multivitamin for Her is a specially formulated multivitamin that caters to the nutritional needs of teen girls aged 13-17. It helps bridge nutrient gaps in their diets with essential nutrients like Omega-3 DHA and chelated Iron, supporting foundational health such as normal immune function, blood building, bone support, and brain health.
The ten traceable essential nutrients included are in forms that are easily absorbed by the body. The delayed-release capsule design ensures that the vitamins are gentle on the stomach.
Additionally, it is vegan, gluten-free, and free from major allergens, artificial colorants, and non-GMO. Each batch is Made Traceable and undergoes third-party testing for identity, purity, strength, composition, heavy metals, microbes, allergens, and other contaminants to ensure safety and quality.
Pros
- Designed for teen girls
- Fills nutrient gaps
- Ten ingredients
- Smart capsule
Cons
- Some may not like the mint essence
Essential For Teens Multivitamin For Her was created to help support a young woman's nutrient intake. Formulated with Omega-3 DHA and chelated Iron, Essential For Teens provides...
8. Essential For Teens Multivitamin For Him
Essential for Teens Multivitamin for Him is scientifically formulated for teen boys aged 13-17 to help address nutrient gaps in their diets. This Multivitamin includes nine key ingredients, including Omega-3 DHA and Vitamin D3, to support normal immune function.
It also contains chelated Zinc, Vitamin D3 from lichen, and bioavailable Vitamin A to support the immune system. Additionally, calcium-helper micronutrients Vitamin D3, Vitamin K2, Magnesium, and Boron are included to help maintain bone health.
Combining Omega-3 DHA from microalgae and methylated B12 helps support brain health. Vitamin D3 and chelated Magnesium are included to support normal muscle function.
Essential for Teens Multivitamin for Him is vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO, and free from major allergens, artificial colorants, and other questionable ingredients.
Pros
- Third-party tested
- High-quality ingredients
- Free of gluten
- Doses specifically for teens
Cons
- Teens may prefer having a gummy option
Essential For Teens Multivitamin For Him has been specially designed to help cover nutrient gaps in a teen boy's diet. Made with Omega-3 DHA and Vitamin D3, this multivitamin...
9. Essential For Kids Multivitamin 4+
Essential for Kids Multivitamin 4+ is a sugar-free gummy multivitamin specifically formulated with picky eaters in mind. It contains 12 beneficial ingredients for normal immune function, brain function, bone health, and digestive health, including 50 mg Omega-3 DHA and a good source of fiber per serving.
Its 3-in-1 technology conveniently combines Omega-3 DHA, fiber, and a multivitamin in one serving, making it easier for parents to ensure their child gets all the necessary nutrients. This Multivitamin is not only sugar-free but also vegan-friendly, gluten and major allergen free, non-GMO, and contains zero artificial colorants.
The supplier, final location of manufacturing, and purpose of each labeled ingredient are disclosed on their website, ensuring transparency and traceability. These gummies pack a delicious punch of sweet orange without using sugar, stevia, or sugar alcohol.
They provide 3 g of fiber per serving, which helps contribute to digestive health. Essential for Kids Multivitamin 4+ is an excellent choice for parents who want to improve their child's health and well-being with a high-quality, trustworthy multivitamin.
Pros
- Delicious orange flavor
- Third-party tested
- 3-in-1 design
- Fiber and prebiotic blend
Cons
- I wish it came in other flavor options
Essential For Kids Multivitamin 4+ are sugar-free gummies designed with a delicious orange flavor even the pickiest kids will like. Included in the gummies are 50mg of Omega-3 DHA and...
Ritual Ingredients & Quality:
Ritual prides itself on using high-quality, traceable ingredients in its products. Each ingredient in their multivitamins is carefully selected for its efficacy and safety.
Vitamin D3
Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining healthy bones,¹ as it helps the body absorb calcium. It also supports normal immune function and has been linked to improved mood and brain function.²
Vitamin E
This powerful antioxidant helps protect cells from damage and supports normal immune function.³ ⁴ It also supports skin health and has been linked to reduced risk of heart disease.⁵
Folate
Folate is essential for healthy fetal development⁶ and plays a key role in DNA synthesis and repair. It also supports normal brain function and mood.⁷
Vitamin B12
Helps in red blood cells and DNA formation, supports brain function, and is involved in the metabolism of every cell in the body.⁸
Iron
Iron is crucial for healthy red blood cell formation and helps transport oxygen throughout the body. It also supports normal immune function and cognitive function.⁹
Magnesium
Magnesium plays a role in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including nerve and muscle function, blood sugar regulation, and bone health.¹⁰ It also supports normal energy production and can help reduce anxiety.¹¹
Boron
Boron is a trace mineral that supports bone health and cognitive function. It may also help support normal hormone levels.¹²
Omega-3 DHA
Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid important for brain function, eye health, and heart health.¹³ It may also have anti-inflammatory properties.¹⁴
Vitamin K2
Vitamin K is essential for healthy bones, as it helps transport calcium from the bloodstream to the bones.¹⁵ It may also have a role in heart health.
Vitamin A
This vitamin is important for healthy vision, skin, and immune function. It also plays a role in cell growth and differentiation.¹⁶
Choline
Choline is important for healthy brain and liver function.¹⁷ It is particularly important for pregnant and breastfeeding women, as it is needed for healthy fetal and infant brain development.¹⁸
Iodine
Iodine is important for healthy thyroid function and normal metabolism.¹⁹ It also supports fetal and infant brain development.²⁰
Biotin
This B vitamin is important for healthy skin, hair, and nails.²¹ It also plays a role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.²²
Zinc
Zinc is important for immune health, wound healing, and normal growth and development.²³ It also may play a role in taste and smell perception.²⁴
How Ritual Works
Ritual is a subscription-based vitamin company that offers an easy and convenient way to get the essential nutrients your body needs. The ordering process is straightforward; you only need to select the product that fits your needs and complete the online assessment to determine the right formula.
Once you've selected your desired product and completed the assessment, you can choose to subscribe and save or purchase a one-time order. The subscription option ensures you always have vitamins, with automatic monthly shipments delivered to your doorstep.
You can also adjust the frequency of your shipments or skip a month at any time. One of the benefits of their subscription model is free shipping on all orders.
Ritual also offers a 30-day money-back guarantee, so you can try the product risk-free and return it if you're unsatisfied.
Ritual Vitamin Side Effects
Ritual vitamins are generally well-tolerated and safe for most people to use. However, some individuals may experience side effects from taking the supplements. Some of the most common side effects associated with multivitamins include digestive issues such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.
You should speak with your healthcare provider if you experience any side effects after taking Ritual vitamins. They can help determine if the side effects are related to the supplements or if an underlying medical condition needs to be addressed.
Real Customer Reviews of Ritual Vitamins
What to consider before buying Ritual vitamins:
When considering purchasing Ritual vitamins, there are a few factors to remember to ensure that the product is the right fit for you.
1. Dosage
Different multivitamins contain different amounts of vitamins and minerals. It's essential to make sure the dosage of each nutrient is appropriate for your needs.
Too much of certain vitamins and minerals can negatively affect your health.
2. Taste
It's essential to consider the taste and texture of the Multivitamin before buying. Some multivitamins come in gummy form or have added flavors to make them more palatable. However, some people may not like the taste or may be sensitive to certain additives used to improve taste.
3. Subscription
Some multivitamin companies offer a subscription service where you receive a new bottle of vitamins monthly. While this can be convenient, you must ensure you can cancel or modify the subscription easily.
4. Tolerance
Some people may experience nausea or digestive discomfort when taking specific multivitamins. It's essential to start with a lower dose and gradually increase to the recommended amount to see how your body tolerates the supplement.
5. Reviews
It's always a good idea to read reviews from other customers before purchasing a multivitamin. This can give you an idea of the product's effectiveness and potential side effects.
However, remember that individual experiences may vary, and what works for one person may not work for another.
3 Ritual Vitamin Alternatives:
While Ritual vitamins are a great choice, there are many alternatives available in the market. Here are three alternatives to Ritual vitamins:
1. Athletic Greens
Athletic Greens AG1 is a greens powder supplement that offers a wide range of essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients in one scoop. The blend of ingredients is designed to provide a balanced source of nutrients that can help support overall health and well-being.
The formula comprises organic fruits, vegetables, adaptogenic herbs, probiotics, and enzymes. One of the significant benefits of Athletic Greens AG1 is that it offers a convenient way to consume a high dose of beneficial nutrients without purchasing or preparing a wide range of foods.
The key ingredients in the formula include Spirulina, Chlorella, and wheatgrass, which are all sources of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. The product also includes adaptogenic herbs like Rhodiola and ashwagandha, which can help to reduce stress and improve energy levels.
The probiotics and enzymes in the formula can help support digestive health. To take Athletic Greens AG1, mix a scoop (12 grams) of the powder into water, juice, or a smoothie. The powder's taste is generally mild, with an earthy flavor and a slight hint of sweetness from the organic fruits and vegetables included.
Pros
- It offers a convenient way to consume a wide range of beneficial nutrients in one scoop
- It contains organic fruits, vegetables, adaptogenic herbs, probiotics, and enzymes
- Can help support overall health and well-being
- Mild, earthy flavor with a hint of sweetness
- No GMOs, herbicides, pesticides, artificial colors, flavors, preservatives, sweeteners, gluten, or animal byproducts
Cons
- Relatively expensive compared to other supplements on the market
Each of the 75 ingredients in AG1 work together in harmony to amplify each other's effects to achieve whole-body health and provide your necessary daily nutrients...
2. Transparent Labs Multivitamin
Transparent Labs Multivitamin is a high-quality supplement for athletic individuals, including teens. The formula contains essential vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and adaptogenic herbs that support athletic performance, recovery, and overall health.
It includes ingredients such as Vitamin D and Magnesium, essential for strong bones, muscle function, and heart health. Adding Organic Ashwagandha helps reduce stress, improve energy levels, and promote mental clarity, which is especially important for athletic people.
The product is free from fillers, artificial colors, sweeteners, and preservatives, ensuring a safe and effective supplement for active individuals.
Pros
- Transparent supplement label
- Research-backed ingredients
- No artificial fillers
- An excellent option for athletes
Cons
- Not vegan-friendly
- Four capsules daily may be too much for some
Made with bioavailable forms of key vitamins and chelated minerals, such as Chromax® chromium picolinate, magnesium bisglycinate, and copper chelate, this advanced multivitamin...
3. Swolverine Multivitamin
Swolverine's Multivitamin is a daily supplement that comes in a vegetable capsule and provides the necessary vitamins and minerals for optimal health. It contains an ideal blend of essential micronutrients that the body needs for maximum absorption and renewal, aiding the cells in performing various biological functions.
The product is manufactured in the USA and is non-GMO and gluten-free, making it suitable for individuals with dietary restrictions. The easy-to-swallow capsule is an effective way to replenish key nutrients the body needs to stay healthy.
Pros
- Reasonably priced
- Only two capsules a day
- Increases energy and improves health
Cons
- Not vegan friendly
Swolverine's Multivitamin is a once-a-day veggie capsule, packed with vitamins and minerals that deliver the nutrients your body needs for optimal wellness. Micronutrients...
Ritual Vitamin FAQs
Are Ritual Vitamins FDA-Approved?
Ritual Vitamins are not approved or regulated by the FDA, as is the same for all dietary supplements. However, the company does adhere to FDA regulations and manufacturing standards to ensure the safety and quality of its products.
Why do ritual vitamins turn black?
During manufacturing, some breakage of the beadlets is typical and expected, with a maximum of 5%. In case of breakage, the beadlets can appear black due to the dark raw materials used in the manufacturing process.
However, the occurrence of black beadlets is not a cause for concern and does not indicate that the vitamins have gone bad.
Do ritual vitamins have side effects?
Ritual Vitamins may have side effects for some individuals, such as stomach upset, nausea, and constipation. However, these side effects are typically mild and temporary.
How do I cancel my Ritual Vitamins subscription?
If you want to cancel Ritual Vitamins, it's as easy as hitting unsubscribe in your account settings.
Summary
Ritual provides multivitamins that aim to promote overall health during various life stages. The company guarantees transparency and third-party testing, ensuring all ingredients are traceable.
It is essential to consider the above factors and read online reviews of the products you're interested in before deciding if Ritual is suitable for you. It is always best to consult a healthcare professional before taking any multivitamin to ensure the right amount of vitamins and minerals are consumed.
Interested in more daily supplements? Check out our articles on the Best Greens Powders and Best Nootropics.
References
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- Lee, Ga, and Sung Han. "The Role of Vitamin E in Immunity." Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 11, 1 Nov. 2018, p. 1614
- Lewis, Erin Diane, et al. "Regulatory Role of Vitamin E in the Immune System and Inflammation." IUBMB Life, vol. 71, no. 4, 30 Nov. 2018, pp. 487–494
- Keen, MohammadAbid, and Iffat Hassan. "Vitamin E in Dermatology." Indian Dermatology Online Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2016, p. 311
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- Reynolds, E H. "Folic Acid, Ageing, Depression, and Dementia." BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), vol. 324, no. 7352, 2002, pp. 1512–5
- Office of Dietary Supplements. "Office of Dietary Supplements - Vitamin B12." Ods.od.nih.gov, 30 Mar. 2020
- Jáuregui-Lobera, Ignacio. "Iron Deficiency and Cognitive Functions." Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, vol. 10, Nov. 2014, p. 2087
- "Office of Dietary Supplements - Magnesium." Ods.od.nih.gov, 2 June 2022
- Boyle, N, et al. "The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress—a Systematic Review." Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 5, 26 Apr. 2017, p. 429
- Pizzorno, Lara. "Nothing Boring about Boron." Integrative Medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), vol. 14, no. 4, 2015, pp. 35–48
- Swanson, Danielle, et al. "Omega-3 Fatty Acids EPA and DHA: Health Benefits throughout Life." Advances in Nutrition, vol. 3, no. 1, 2012, pp. 1–7
- Simopoulos, Artemis P. "Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases." Journal of the American College of Nutrition, vol. 21, no. 6, Dec. 2002, pp. 495–505
- Kaźmierczak-Barańska, Julia, and Bolesław T. Karwowski. "Vitamin K Contribution to DNA Damage—Advantage or Disadvantage? A Human Health Response." Nutrients, vol. 14, no. 20, 11 Oct. 2022, p. 4219
- National Institutes of Health. "Office of Dietary Supplements - Vitamin A." Ods.od.nih.gov, 14 Jan. 2021
- "Office of Dietary Supplements - Choline." Nih.gov, 2017
- Korsmo, Hunter W., et al. "Choline: Exploring the Growing Science on Its Benefits for Moms and Babies." Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 8, 7 Aug. 2019, p. 1823
- Ahad, Farhana, and Shaiq A Ganie. "Iodine, Iodine Metabolism and Iodine Deficiency Disorders Revisited." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 14, no. 1, 2010, pp. 13–7
- Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjörg, and Lisbeth Dahl. "Iodine Intake in Human Nutrition: A Systematic Literature Review." Food & Nutrition Research, vol. 56, no. 1, Jan. 2012, p. 19731
- National Institute of Health. "Office of Dietary Supplements - Biotin." Nih.gov, 2017
- Pacheco-Alvarez, Diana, et al. "Biotin in Metabolism and Its Relationship to Human Disease." Archives of Medical Research, vol. 33, no. 5, Sept. 2002, pp. 439–447
- National Institutes of Health. "Zinc." Nih.gov, National Institutes of Health, 2016
- Propper, Ruth E. "Smell/Taste Alteration in COVID-19 May Reflect Zinc Deficiency." Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, vol. 68, no. 1, 2021, pp. 3–3
Andrew Lenau
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